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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 60</span></h1>
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</style><div id="coordinates" class="coordinates"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/skyhack.php?ra=12.727777777778&amp;de=11.552777777778&amp;size=0.14166666666667&amp;name=Messier+60&amp;object=Messier%2060&amp;viz1=MCG%252B02-33-002&amp;viz2=PGC%252B42831&amp;viz3=UGC%252B7898&amp;_globe:=">Datenbanklinks zu Messier 60</a></div>
<table class="infobox wikitable float-right ibtable" aria-label="Kenndaten der Galaxie">

<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2" class="ibheader">Galaxie<br><span style="font-size:111%;">Messier 60</span>
</th></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="text-align:left; border-bottom:0; white-space:normal;">
</td></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td colspan="2" class="ibheader" style="border-top:0; white-space:normal;">{{{Kartentext}}}
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="ibimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
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<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="ibimgtxt"><a href="Hubble-Weltraumteleskop" title="Hubble-Weltraumteleskop">Hubble-Aufnahme</a> von Messier 60; rechts oben: <a href="NGC_4647" title="NGC 4647">NGC&nbsp;4647</a>
</td></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td colspan="2" class="ibheader" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:0; white-space:normal;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="ibheader"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aladin.cds.unistra.fr/AladinLite/?target=12%2043%2040.0%20%2B11%2033%2010&amp;fov=0.14166666666667&amp;survey=CDS%2FP%2FDSS2%2Fcolor">AladinLite</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Sternbild" title="Sternbild">Sternbild</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Jungfrau_(Sternbild)" title="Jungfrau (Sternbild)">Jungfrau</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="ibheader"><b>Position</b><br><small><a href="%C3%84quinoktium" title="Äquinoktium">Äquinoktium</a>:&nbsp;<a href="J2000.0" class="mw-redirect" title="J2000.0">J2000.0</a>, <a href="Epoche_(Astronomie)" title="Epoche (Astronomie)">Epoche</a>:&nbsp;J2000.0</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Rektaszension" title="Rektaszension">Rektaszension</a>
</td>
<td>12h&nbsp;43m&nbsp;40,0s <sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Deklination_(Astronomie)" title="Deklination (Astronomie)">Deklination</a>
</td>
<td>+11°&nbsp;33′&nbsp;10″ <sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" class="ibheader">Erscheinungsbild
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Hubble-Sequenz" title="Hubble-Sequenz">Morphologischer Typ</a>
</td>
<td>E2<sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Scheinbare_Helligkeit" title="Scheinbare Helligkeit">Helligkeit</a>&nbsp;<small>(visuell)</small>
</td>
<td>8,8&nbsp;mag<sup id="cite_ref-SEDS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Scheinbare_Helligkeit" title="Scheinbare Helligkeit">Helligkeit</a>&nbsp;<small>(B-Band)</small>
</td>
<td>9,8&nbsp;mag<sup id="cite_ref-SEDS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Scheinbare_Gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fe" title="Scheinbare Größe">Winkel­ausdehnung</a>
</td>
<td>7,6′ × 6,2′<sup id="cite_ref-SEDS_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Positionswinkel" title="Positionswinkel">Positionswinkel</a>
</td>
<td>105°<sup id="cite_ref-SEDS_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Bahnneigung" title="Bahnneigung">Inklination</a>
</td>
<td>°
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Fl%C3%A4chenhelligkeit" title="Flächenhelligkeit">Flächen­helligkeit</a>
</td>
<td>13,1&nbsp;mag/arcmin²<sup id="cite_ref-SEDS_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" class="ibheader">Physikalische Daten
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Galaxienhaufen" title="Galaxienhaufen">Zugehörigkeit</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Virgo-Galaxienhaufen" title="Virgo-Galaxienhaufen">Virgo-Galaxienhaufen</a>,<br> <a href="Lyons_Groups_of_Galaxies" title="Lyons Groups of Galaxies">LGG</a> 292<sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Rotverschiebung" title="Rotverschiebung">Rotverschiebung</a>
</td>
<td>0,003703 ± 0,000017<sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Radialgeschwindigkeit" title="Radialgeschwindigkeit">Radial­geschwin­digkeit</a>
</td>
<td>(1110 ± 5) km/s<sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>

<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Hubble-Konstante" title="Hubble-Konstante">Hubbledistanz</a><br><i>H<sub>0</sub> = 73 km/(s • Mpc)</i>
</td>
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</style>(54 ± 10)<span class="numericFormat-multiply" style="background-color:var(--color-base, #202122)">e</span><span class="numericFormat-10"><sup>6</sup></span></span>&nbsp;<a href="Lichtjahr" title="Lichtjahr">Lj</a></span><br><span style="font-size:90%">(16,702 ± 3,046)&nbsp;<a href="Parsec" title="Parsec">Mpc</a>&nbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>





<tr style="display:none;">
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Absolute_Helligkeit" title="Absolute Helligkeit">Absolute Helligkeit</a>
</td>
<td>mag
</td></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td class="ibleft">Masse
</td>
<td><a href="Sonnenmasse" title="Sonnenmasse">M<sub>☉</sub></a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft">Durchmesser
</td>
<td>120.000 Lj
</td></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Metallizit%C3%A4t" title="Metallizität">Metallizität</a> [Fe/H]
</td>
<td>{{{Metallizität}}}
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC; color:#202122;"><a href="Liste_der_Entdecker_des_NGC/IC-Katalogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste der Entdecker des NGC/IC-Katalogs">Geschichte</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft">Entdeckung
</td>
<td style="white-space:normal;"><a href="Johann_Gottfried_K%C3%B6hler" title="Johann Gottfried Köhler">Johann Gottfried Köhler</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft">Entdeckungsdatum
</td>
<td>11. April 1779<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" class="ibheader"><a href="Liste_astronomischer_Kataloge" title="Liste astronomischer Kataloge">Katalogbezeichnungen</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="white-space:normal;"><a href="Messier-Katalog" title="Messier-Katalog">M</a>&nbsp;60&nbsp;• <a href="New_General_Catalogue" title="New General Catalogue">NGC</a>&nbsp;4649&nbsp;• <a href="Uppsala_General_Catalogue" title="Uppsala General Catalogue">UGC</a>&nbsp;7898&nbsp;• <a href="Principal_Galaxies_Catalogue" title="Principal Galaxies Catalogue">PGC</a>&nbsp;42831&nbsp;• <a href="Catalogue_of_Galaxies_and_of_Clusters_of_Galaxies" title="Catalogue of Galaxies and of Clusters of Galaxies">CGCG</a>&nbsp;071-016&nbsp;• <a href="Morphological_Catalogue_of_Galaxies" title="Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies">MCG</a>&nbsp;+02-33-002&nbsp;• <a href="Two_Micron_All_Sky_Survey" title="Two Micron All Sky Survey">2MASX</a>&nbsp;J12434000+1133093&nbsp;• <a href="Atlas_of_Peculiar_Galaxies" title="Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies">Arp</a>&nbsp;116 <small>(zusammen mit NGC&nbsp;4647)</small>&nbsp;• <a href="Liste_astronomischer_Kataloge" title="Liste astronomischer Kataloge">VV</a>&nbsp;206a&nbsp;• <a href="General_Catalogue_of_Nebulae_and_Clusters" title="General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters">GC</a>&nbsp;3182&nbsp;• <a href="Liste_astronomischer_Kataloge" title="Liste astronomischer Kataloge">h</a>&nbsp;1408&nbsp;• Holm&nbsp;448A&nbsp;• KPG&nbsp;353B
</td></tr>

</tbody></table>
<p><b>Messier 60</b> (auch als <b>NGC&nbsp;4649</b> bezeichnet) ist eine <a href="Elliptische_Galaxie" title="Elliptische Galaxie">elliptische Galaxie</a> im <a href="Sternbild" title="Sternbild">Sternbild</a> <a href="Jungfrau_(Sternbild)" title="Jungfrau (Sternbild)">Virgo</a>. Sie ist schätzungsweise 54 Millionen Lichtjahre von der <a href="Milchstra%C3%9Fe" title="Milchstraße">Milchstraße</a> entfernt, hat einen Scheibendurchmesser von etwa 120.000 Lj und ist Mitglied des <a href="Virgo-Galaxienhaufen" title="Virgo-Galaxienhaufen">Virgo-Galaxienhaufens</a>.
</p><p><a href="Messier-Katalog" title="Messier-Katalog">M</a>60 wurde zusammen mit den benachbarten <a href="Galaxie" title="Galaxie">Galaxien</a> <a href="Messier_58" title="Messier 58">M&nbsp;58</a> und <a href="Messier_59" title="Messier 59">M&nbsp;59</a> im Rahmen der Beobachtung des <a href="Komet" title="Komet">Kometen</a> des Jahres 1779 entdeckt. <a href="Johann_Gottfried_K%C3%B6hler" title="Johann Gottfried Köhler">Johann Gottfried Köhler</a> entdeckte die Galaxie am 11.&nbsp;April, <a href="Barnaba_Oriani" title="Barnaba Oriani">Barnaba Oriani</a> entdeckte sie einen Tag später und <a href="Charles_Messier" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> schließlich vier Tage später unabhängig.
Die Galaxie ist im <a href="Virgo-Galaxienhaufen" title="Virgo-Galaxienhaufen">Virgo-Galaxienhaufen</a> neben der massereichsten Galaxie <a href="Messier_87" title="Messier 87">M&nbsp;87</a> und der hellsten Galaxie <a href="Messier_49" title="Messier 49">M&nbsp;49</a> die dritte elliptische Riesengalaxie und Hauptgalaxie der Untergruppe <i>Virgo-Haufen&nbsp;C.</i> Diese Gruppe bildet den östlichsten Teil des Galaxienhaufens und M&nbsp;60 selbst ist das östlichste Objekt des Virgo-Haufens im Messier-Katalog.
</p><p>M60 hat einen Durchmesser von etwa 120.000 <a href="Lichtjahr" title="Lichtjahr">Lichtjahren</a> und eine Masse von etwa 1&nbsp;Billion <a href="Sonnenmasse" title="Sonnenmasse">Sonnenmassen</a>. In der <a href="Hubble-Sequenz" title="Hubble-Sequenz">Hubble-Sequenz</a> hat die Galaxie den Typ&nbsp;E2, ist also leicht abgeplattet. M&nbsp;60 besitzt mit ca. 5.000 <a href="Kugelsternhaufen" title="Kugelsternhaufen">Kugelsternhaufen</a> einen verhältnismäßig dicht bevölkerten <a href="Halo_(Astronomie)" title="Halo (Astronomie)">Halo</a>. Ein interessantes Detail auch schon im kleinen Fernrohr ist der nahe Begleiter <a href="NGC_4647" title="NGC 4647">NGC&nbsp;4647</a>, eine <a href="Spiralgalaxie" title="Spiralgalaxie">Spiralgalaxie</a>. Man vermutete, dass beide Galaxien miteinander gravitativ wechselwirken, und fasste sie unter <i>Arp&nbsp;116</i> zusammen; neuere Untersuchungen belegen dies jedoch nicht.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-deGrijs2006_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deGrijs2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<a href="Halton_Arp" title="Halton Arp">Halton Arp</a> gliederte seinen Katalog ungewöhnlicher Galaxien nach rein morphologischen Kriterien in Gruppen. Diese Galaxie gehört zu der Klasse <i>Elliptischer Galaxien nahe bei Spiralgalaxien und diese störend</i> <a href="Atlas_of_Peculiar_Galaxies#Elliptische_Galaxien_nahe_bei_Spiralgalaxien_und_diese_störend_(113–132)" title="Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies">(Arp-Katalog)</a>.
</p>

<p>Am 28. Januar 2004 wurde in M&nbsp;60 eine Supernova vom Typ&nbsp;Ia (SN&nbsp;2004W) mit einer Helligkeit größer als 18,8&nbsp;mag durch das Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) entdeckt.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Anfang 2008 gelang es einem Team aus amerikanischen und italienischen Forschern, die Masse des <a href="Schwarzes_Loch" title="Schwarzes Loch">Schwarzen Loches</a> im Zentrum der Galaxie zu bestimmen. Dazu maßen sie mit Hilfe des Röntgensatelliten <a href="Chandra_(Teleskop)" title="Chandra (Teleskop)">Chandra</a> die Temperatur des heißen Gases im Zentrum von M&nbsp;60, woraus man indirekt die Masse des Schwarzen Lochs ableiten kann (je heißer das Gas, desto schwerer das Schwarze Loch). Das Schwarze Loch hat demnach eine Masse von 3,4&nbsp;Milliarden Sonnenmassen, was mehr als dem Tausendfachen des Schwarzen Loches im Zentrum unserer Milchstraße entspricht.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die Begleitgalaxie M60-UCD1, eine ultrakompakte <a href="Zwerggalaxie" title="Zwerggalaxie">Zwerggalaxie</a>, die 22.000 Lichtjahre von M&nbsp;60 entfernt ist und die innerhalb eines Durchmessers von nur 300 Lichtjahren ca. 140 Millionen Sterne enthält.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Somit ist sie die dichteste, bislang bekannte Galaxie.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zudem beherbergt sie, wie 2014 entdeckt wurde, ein supermassives Schwarzes Loch.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wahrscheinlich wurden ihr ein Großteil der Sterne und der äußeren dunklen Materie bei einer Kollision mit M&nbsp;60 vor zehn Milliarden Jahren entrissen.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>König, Michael &amp; Binnewies, Stefan (2019): <i>Bildatlas der Galaxien: Die Astrophysik hinter den Astrofotografien</i>, Stuttgart: Kosmos, S. 201</li>
<li>Jeff Kanipe und Dennis Webb: <i>The Arp Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies – A Chronicle and Observer´s Guide"</i>, Richmond 2006, ISBN 978-0-943396-76-7</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Messier_60?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Messier 60</a></span></b>&nbsp;– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<ul><li><a href="Spektrum.de" title="Spektrum.de">Spektrum.de</a>: Amateuraufnahmen <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.spektrum.de/alias/wunder-des-weltalls/messier-59-60-und-mehr/1561772">[1]</a></li>
<li>astronews.com: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.astronews.com/news/artikel/2012/09/1209-011.shtml">Blick auf ein ungleiches Galaxienpaar</a> 7. September 2012</li>
<li>astronews.com: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.astronews.com/bilddestages/2013/20130411.shtml">Bild des Tages</a> 11. April 2013</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Arp/Arp29.html">ARP ATLAS OF PECULIAR GALAXIES</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cseligman.com/text/arpatlas.htm#arp116">Seligman Arp</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-NED-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NED_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NED_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NED_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NED_1-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NED_1-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NGC+4649&amp;extend=no&amp;hconst=73&amp;omegam=0.27&amp;omegav=0.73&amp;corr_z=1&amp;out_csys=Equatorial&amp;out_equinox=J2000.0&amp;obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&amp;of=pre_text&amp;zv_breaker=30000.0&amp;list_limit=5&amp;img_stamp=YES">NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-SEDS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SEDS_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SEDS_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SEDS_2-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SEDS_2-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SEDS_2-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="SEDS" class="mw-redirect" title="SEDS">SEDS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spider.seds.org/ngc/revngcic.cgi?NGC%204649">NGC 4649</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-6?-out.form=%2bH&amp;-source=41000047&amp;-out.all&amp;-corr=PFK=LGG&amp;-out.max=9999&amp;LGG=292">VizieR</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc46.htm#4649">Seligman</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Franco-Balderas, H. M. Hernández-Toledo, D. Dultzin-Hacyan, M. Rosado: <i>BVRI Surface Photometry of Mixed Morphology Pairs of Galaxies. III. The Third Data Set.</i> 2005, <a href="Bibcode" title="Bibcode">bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005RMxAA..41..483F">2005RMxAA..41..483F</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-deGrijs2006-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-deGrijs2006_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. de Grijs, A. R. I. Robertson: <i>Arp 116: interacting system or chance alignment?</i> 2006, <a href="Bibcode" title="Bibcode">bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006A&amp;A...460..493D">2006A&amp;A...460..493D</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">SEDS: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261891140">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


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</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120718/http://seds.org/MESSIER/more/m060_sn2004W.html"><i>Supernova 2004W in M60.</i></a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 18. Juli 2012 im Webarchiv <i><a href="Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></i>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ScienceTicker Astro: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astronomie.scienceticker.info/2008/07/16/mehr-masse-mehr-hitze/">Mehr Masse, mehr Hitze.</a></i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1419/"><i>Big surprises can come in small packages - Hubble helps astronomers find smallest known galaxy with supermassive black hole.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 30.&nbsp;April 2022</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMessier+60&amp;rft.title=Big+surprises+can+come+in+small+packages+-+Hubble+helps+astronomers+find+smallest+known+galaxy+with+supermassive+black+hole&amp;rft.description=Big+surprises+can+come+in+small+packages+-+Hubble+helps+astronomers+find+smallest+known+galaxy+with+supermassive+black+hole&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacetelescope.org%2Fnews%2Fheic1419%2F&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/2014/41/3427-Image"><i>Dwarf Galaxy M60-UCD1.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 30.&nbsp;April 2022</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMessier+60&amp;rft.title=Dwarf+Galaxy+M60-UCD1&amp;rft.description=Dwarf+Galaxy+M60-UCD1&amp;rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fhubblesite.org%2Fcontents%2Fmedia%2Fimages%2F2014%2F41%2F3427-Image&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harald Zaun: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welt.de/wissenschaft/weltraum/article132372201/Im-Zentrum-einer-Zwerggalaxie-pulsiert-ein-Monster.html">Im Zentrum einer Zwerggalaxie pulsiert ein Monster.</a></i> Welt, 18. September 2014.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anil Seth, Matthias Frank, Nadine Neumayer u. a.: <i>A supermassive black hole in an ultra-compact dwarf galaxy.</i> In: <i>Nature.</i> Band 513, 2014, S. 398–400, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v513/n7518/full/nature13762.html">Abstract.</a></span>
</li>
</ol>
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<div class="klappleiste mw-collapsible navileiste navigation-not-searchable center" role="navigation">
<div class="klappleiste-kopf"><a href="Messier-Katalog" title="Messier-Katalog">Messierobjekte</a></div>
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<table align="center" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0em; box-sizing:border-box; width:870px;">
<tbody><tr><td>Vorgänger im Katalog: <b><a href="Messier_59" title="Messier 59">M 59</a></b></td><td>Messier 60</td><td>Nachfolger im Katalog: <b><a href="Messier_61" title="Messier 61">M 61</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table>
<hr>
<p><i>Bildauswahl. Bitte das gewünschte Objekt anklicken</i>
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<div class="klappleiste-kopf">Im <a href="New_General_Catalogue" title="New General Catalogue">New General Catalogue</a> (NGC) benachbarte Objekte</div>
<div class="klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content">
<p><a href="Liste_der_NGC-Objekte" title="Liste der NGC-Objekte">Gesamtliste</a><br>
</p>
<hr>
<p><a href="NGC_4625" title="NGC 4625">NGC 4625</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4626" title="NGC 4626">NGC 4626</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4627" title="NGC 4627">NGC 4627</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4628" title="NGC 4628">NGC 4628</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4629" title="NGC 4629">NGC 4629</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4630" title="NGC 4630">NGC 4630</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4631" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 4631">NGC 4631</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4632" title="NGC 4632">NGC 4632</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4633" title="NGC 4633">NGC 4633</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4634" title="NGC 4634">NGC 4634</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4635" title="NGC 4635">NGC 4635</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4636" title="NGC 4636">NGC 4636</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4637" title="NGC 4637">NGC 4637</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4638" title="NGC 4638">NGC 4638</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4639" title="NGC 4639">NGC 4639</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4640" title="NGC 4640">NGC 4640</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4641" title="NGC 4641">NGC 4641</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4642" title="NGC 4642">NGC 4642</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4643" title="NGC 4643">NGC 4643</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4644" title="NGC 4644">NGC 4644</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4645" title="NGC 4645">NGC 4645</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4646" title="NGC 4646">NGC 4646</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4647" title="NGC 4647">NGC 4647</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4648" title="NGC 4648">NGC 4648</a>&nbsp;|
<b>NGC 4649</b>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4650" title="NGC 4650">NGC 4650</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4651" title="NGC 4651">NGC 4651</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4652" title="NGC 4652">NGC 4652</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4653" title="NGC 4653">NGC 4653</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4654" title="NGC 4654">NGC 4654</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4655" title="NGC 4655">NGC 4655</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4656" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 4656">NGC 4656</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4657" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 4657">NGC 4657</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4658" title="NGC 4658">NGC 4658</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4659" title="NGC 4659">NGC 4659</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4660" title="NGC 4660">NGC 4660</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4661" title="NGC 4661">NGC 4661</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4662" title="NGC 4662">NGC 4662</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4663" title="NGC 4663">NGC 4663</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4664" title="NGC 4664">NGC 4664</a>&nbsp;|
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<a href="NGC_4668" title="NGC 4668">NGC 4668</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4669" title="NGC 4669">NGC 4669</a>&nbsp;|
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<a href="NGC_4671" title="NGC 4671">NGC 4671</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4672" title="NGC 4672">NGC 4672</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4673" title="NGC 4673">NGC 4673</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4674" title="NGC 4674">NGC 4674</a>
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<div class="klappleiste-kopf">Im <a href="Atlas_of_Peculiar_Galaxies" title="Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies">Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies</a> (Arp) benachbarte Objekte</div>
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<p><a href="Atlas_of_Peculiar_Galaxies" title="Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies">Gesamtliste</a><br>
</p>
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<p><a href="Arp_92" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 92">Arp 92</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_93" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 93">Arp 93</a>&nbsp;|
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<a href="Arp_98" title="Arp 98">Arp 98</a>&nbsp;|
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<a href="Arp_100" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 100">Arp 100</a>&nbsp;|
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<a href="Arp_108" title="Arp 108">Arp 108</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_109" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 109">Arp 109</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_110" title="Arp 110">Arp 110</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_111" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 111">Arp 111</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_112" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 112">Arp 112</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_113" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 113">Arp 113</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_114" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 114">Arp 114</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_115" title="Arp 115">Arp 115</a>&nbsp;|
<b>Arp 116</b>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_117" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 117">Arp 117</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_118" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 118">Arp 118</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_119" title="Arp 119">Arp 119</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_120" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 120">Arp 120</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_121" title="Arp 121">Arp 121</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_122" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 122">Arp 122</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_123" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 123">Arp 123</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_124" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 124">Arp 124</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_125" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 125">Arp 125</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_126" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 126">Arp 126</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_127" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 127">Arp 127</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_128" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 128">Arp 128</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_129" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 129">Arp 129</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_130" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 130">Arp 130</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_131" title="Arp 131">Arp 131</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_132" title="Arp 132">Arp 132</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_133" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 133">Arp 133</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_134" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 134">Arp 134</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_135" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 135">Arp 135</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_136" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 136">Arp 136</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_137" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 137">Arp 137</a>&nbsp;|
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<a href="Arp_140" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 140">Arp 140</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="Arp_141" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 141">Arp 141</a>
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