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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 60</span></h1>
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</style><div id="coordinates" class="coordinates"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/skyhack.php?ra=12.727777777778&de=11.552777777778&size=0.14166666666667&name=Messier+60&object=Messier%2060&viz1=MCG%252B02-33-002&viz2=PGC%252B42831&viz3=UGC%252B7898&_globe:=">Datenbanklinks zu Messier 60</a></div>
<table class="infobox wikitable float-right ibtable" aria-label="Kenndaten der Galaxie">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2" class="ibheader">Galaxie<br><span style="font-size:111%;">Messier 60</span>
</th></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="text-align:left; border-bottom:0; white-space:normal;">
</td></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td colspan="2" class="ibheader" style="border-top:0; white-space:normal;">{{{Kartentext}}}
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="ibimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="ibimgtxt"><a href="Hubble-Weltraumteleskop" title="Hubble-Weltraumteleskop">Hubble-Aufnahme</a> von Messier 60; rechts oben: <a href="NGC_4647" title="NGC 4647">NGC 4647</a>
</td></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td colspan="2" class="ibheader" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:0; white-space:normal;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="ibheader"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aladin.cds.unistra.fr/AladinLite/?target=12%2043%2040.0%20%2B11%2033%2010&fov=0.14166666666667&survey=CDS%2FP%2FDSS2%2Fcolor">AladinLite</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Sternbild" title="Sternbild">Sternbild</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Jungfrau_(Sternbild)" title="Jungfrau (Sternbild)">Jungfrau</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="ibheader"><b>Position</b><br><small><a href="%C3%84quinoktium" title="Äquinoktium">Äquinoktium</a>: <a href="J2000.0" class="mw-redirect" title="J2000.0">J2000.0</a>, <a href="Epoche_(Astronomie)" title="Epoche (Astronomie)">Epoche</a>: J2000.0</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Rektaszension" title="Rektaszension">Rektaszension</a>
</td>
<td>12h 43m 40,0s <sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Deklination_(Astronomie)" title="Deklination (Astronomie)">Deklination</a>
</td>
<td>+11° 33′ 10″ <sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" class="ibheader">Erscheinungsbild
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Hubble-Sequenz" title="Hubble-Sequenz">Morphologischer Typ</a>
</td>
<td>E2<sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Scheinbare_Helligkeit" title="Scheinbare Helligkeit">Helligkeit</a> <small>(visuell)</small>
</td>
<td>8,8 mag<sup id="cite_ref-SEDS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Scheinbare_Helligkeit" title="Scheinbare Helligkeit">Helligkeit</a> <small>(B-Band)</small>
</td>
<td>9,8 mag<sup id="cite_ref-SEDS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Scheinbare_Gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fe" title="Scheinbare Größe">Winkelausdehnung</a>
</td>
<td>7,6′ × 6,2′<sup id="cite_ref-SEDS_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Positionswinkel" title="Positionswinkel">Positionswinkel</a>
</td>
<td>105°<sup id="cite_ref-SEDS_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Bahnneigung" title="Bahnneigung">Inklination</a>
</td>
<td>°
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Fl%C3%A4chenhelligkeit" title="Flächenhelligkeit">Flächenhelligkeit</a>
</td>
<td>13,1 mag/arcmin²<sup id="cite_ref-SEDS_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" class="ibheader">Physikalische Daten
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Galaxienhaufen" title="Galaxienhaufen">Zugehörigkeit</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Virgo-Galaxienhaufen" title="Virgo-Galaxienhaufen">Virgo-Galaxienhaufen</a>,<br> <a href="Lyons_Groups_of_Galaxies" title="Lyons Groups of Galaxies">LGG</a> 292<sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Rotverschiebung" title="Rotverschiebung">Rotverschiebung</a>
</td>
<td>0,003703 ± 0,000017<sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Radialgeschwindigkeit" title="Radialgeschwindigkeit">Radialgeschwindigkeit</a>
</td>
<td>(1110 ± 5) km/s<sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Hubble-Konstante" title="Hubble-Konstante">Hubbledistanz</a><br><i>H<sub>0</sub> = 73 km/(s • Mpc)</i>
</td>
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</style>(54 ± 10)<span class="numericFormat-multiply" style="background-color:var(--color-base, #202122)">e</span><span class="numericFormat-10"><sup>6</sup></span></span> <a href="Lichtjahr" title="Lichtjahr">Lj</a></span><br><span style="font-size:90%">(16,702 ± 3,046) <a href="Parsec" title="Parsec">Mpc</a> <sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Absolute_Helligkeit" title="Absolute Helligkeit">Absolute Helligkeit</a>
</td>
<td>mag
</td></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td class="ibleft">Masse
</td>
<td><a href="Sonnenmasse" title="Sonnenmasse">M<sub>☉</sub></a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft">Durchmesser
</td>
<td>120.000 Lj
</td></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Metallizit%C3%A4t" title="Metallizität">Metallizität</a> [Fe/H]
</td>
<td>{{{Metallizität}}}
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC; color:#202122;"><a href="Liste_der_Entdecker_des_NGC/IC-Katalogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste der Entdecker des NGC/IC-Katalogs">Geschichte</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft">Entdeckung
</td>
<td style="white-space:normal;"><a href="Johann_Gottfried_K%C3%B6hler" title="Johann Gottfried Köhler">Johann Gottfried Köhler</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft">Entdeckungsdatum
</td>
<td>11. April 1779<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" class="ibheader"><a href="Liste_astronomischer_Kataloge" title="Liste astronomischer Kataloge">Katalogbezeichnungen</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="white-space:normal;"><a href="Messier-Katalog" title="Messier-Katalog">M</a> 60 • <a href="New_General_Catalogue" title="New General Catalogue">NGC</a> 4649 • <a href="Uppsala_General_Catalogue" title="Uppsala General Catalogue">UGC</a> 7898 • <a href="Principal_Galaxies_Catalogue" title="Principal Galaxies Catalogue">PGC</a> 42831 • <a href="Catalogue_of_Galaxies_and_of_Clusters_of_Galaxies" title="Catalogue of Galaxies and of Clusters of Galaxies">CGCG</a> 071-016 • <a href="Morphological_Catalogue_of_Galaxies" title="Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies">MCG</a> +02-33-002 • <a href="Two_Micron_All_Sky_Survey" title="Two Micron All Sky Survey">2MASX</a> J12434000+1133093 • <a href="Atlas_of_Peculiar_Galaxies" title="Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies">Arp</a> 116 <small>(zusammen mit NGC 4647)</small> • <a href="Liste_astronomischer_Kataloge" title="Liste astronomischer Kataloge">VV</a> 206a • <a href="General_Catalogue_of_Nebulae_and_Clusters" title="General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters">GC</a> 3182 • <a href="Liste_astronomischer_Kataloge" title="Liste astronomischer Kataloge">h</a> 1408 • Holm 448A • KPG 353B
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p><b>Messier 60</b> (auch als <b>NGC 4649</b> bezeichnet) ist eine <a href="Elliptische_Galaxie" title="Elliptische Galaxie">elliptische Galaxie</a> im <a href="Sternbild" title="Sternbild">Sternbild</a> <a href="Jungfrau_(Sternbild)" title="Jungfrau (Sternbild)">Virgo</a>. Sie ist schätzungsweise 54 Millionen Lichtjahre von der <a href="Milchstra%C3%9Fe" title="Milchstraße">Milchstraße</a> entfernt, hat einen Scheibendurchmesser von etwa 120.000 Lj und ist Mitglied des <a href="Virgo-Galaxienhaufen" title="Virgo-Galaxienhaufen">Virgo-Galaxienhaufens</a>.
</p><p><a href="Messier-Katalog" title="Messier-Katalog">M</a>60 wurde zusammen mit den benachbarten <a href="Galaxie" title="Galaxie">Galaxien</a> <a href="Messier_58" title="Messier 58">M 58</a> und <a href="Messier_59" title="Messier 59">M 59</a> im Rahmen der Beobachtung des <a href="Komet" title="Komet">Kometen</a> des Jahres 1779 entdeckt. <a href="Johann_Gottfried_K%C3%B6hler" title="Johann Gottfried Köhler">Johann Gottfried Köhler</a> entdeckte die Galaxie am 11. April, <a href="Barnaba_Oriani" title="Barnaba Oriani">Barnaba Oriani</a> entdeckte sie einen Tag später und <a href="Charles_Messier" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a> schließlich vier Tage später unabhängig.
Die Galaxie ist im <a href="Virgo-Galaxienhaufen" title="Virgo-Galaxienhaufen">Virgo-Galaxienhaufen</a> neben der massereichsten Galaxie <a href="Messier_87" title="Messier 87">M 87</a> und der hellsten Galaxie <a href="Messier_49" title="Messier 49">M 49</a> die dritte elliptische Riesengalaxie und Hauptgalaxie der Untergruppe <i>Virgo-Haufen C.</i> Diese Gruppe bildet den östlichsten Teil des Galaxienhaufens und M 60 selbst ist das östlichste Objekt des Virgo-Haufens im Messier-Katalog.
</p><p>M60 hat einen Durchmesser von etwa 120.000 <a href="Lichtjahr" title="Lichtjahr">Lichtjahren</a> und eine Masse von etwa 1 Billion <a href="Sonnenmasse" title="Sonnenmasse">Sonnenmassen</a>. In der <a href="Hubble-Sequenz" title="Hubble-Sequenz">Hubble-Sequenz</a> hat die Galaxie den Typ E2, ist also leicht abgeplattet. M 60 besitzt mit ca. 5.000 <a href="Kugelsternhaufen" title="Kugelsternhaufen">Kugelsternhaufen</a> einen verhältnismäßig dicht bevölkerten <a href="Halo_(Astronomie)" title="Halo (Astronomie)">Halo</a>. Ein interessantes Detail auch schon im kleinen Fernrohr ist der nahe Begleiter <a href="NGC_4647" title="NGC 4647">NGC 4647</a>, eine <a href="Spiralgalaxie" title="Spiralgalaxie">Spiralgalaxie</a>. Man vermutete, dass beide Galaxien miteinander gravitativ wechselwirken, und fasste sie unter <i>Arp 116</i> zusammen; neuere Untersuchungen belegen dies jedoch nicht.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-deGrijs2006_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deGrijs2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<a href="Halton_Arp" title="Halton Arp">Halton Arp</a> gliederte seinen Katalog ungewöhnlicher Galaxien nach rein morphologischen Kriterien in Gruppen. Diese Galaxie gehört zu der Klasse <i>Elliptischer Galaxien nahe bei Spiralgalaxien und diese störend</i> <a href="Atlas_of_Peculiar_Galaxies#Elliptische_Galaxien_nahe_bei_Spiralgalaxien_und_diese_störend_(113–132)" title="Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies">(Arp-Katalog)</a>.
</p>
<p>Am 28. Januar 2004 wurde in M 60 eine Supernova vom Typ Ia (SN 2004W) mit einer Helligkeit größer als 18,8 mag durch das Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) entdeckt.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Anfang 2008 gelang es einem Team aus amerikanischen und italienischen Forschern, die Masse des <a href="Schwarzes_Loch" title="Schwarzes Loch">Schwarzen Loches</a> im Zentrum der Galaxie zu bestimmen. Dazu maßen sie mit Hilfe des Röntgensatelliten <a href="Chandra_(Teleskop)" title="Chandra (Teleskop)">Chandra</a> die Temperatur des heißen Gases im Zentrum von M 60, woraus man indirekt die Masse des Schwarzen Lochs ableiten kann (je heißer das Gas, desto schwerer das Schwarze Loch). Das Schwarze Loch hat demnach eine Masse von 3,4 Milliarden Sonnenmassen, was mehr als dem Tausendfachen des Schwarzen Loches im Zentrum unserer Milchstraße entspricht.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die Begleitgalaxie M60-UCD1, eine ultrakompakte <a href="Zwerggalaxie" title="Zwerggalaxie">Zwerggalaxie</a>, die 22.000 Lichtjahre von M 60 entfernt ist und die innerhalb eines Durchmessers von nur 300 Lichtjahren ca. 140 Millionen Sterne enthält.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Somit ist sie die dichteste, bislang bekannte Galaxie.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zudem beherbergt sie, wie 2014 entdeckt wurde, ein supermassives Schwarzes Loch.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wahrscheinlich wurden ihr ein Großteil der Sterne und der äußeren dunklen Materie bei einer Kollision mit M 60 vor zehn Milliarden Jahren entrissen.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>König, Michael & Binnewies, Stefan (2019): <i>Bildatlas der Galaxien: Die Astrophysik hinter den Astrofotografien</i>, Stuttgart: Kosmos, S. 201</li>
<li>Jeff Kanipe und Dennis Webb: <i>The Arp Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies – A Chronicle and Observer´s Guide"</i>, Richmond 2006, ISBN 978-0-943396-76-7</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Messier_60?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Messier 60</a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<ul><li><a href="Spektrum.de" title="Spektrum.de">Spektrum.de</a>: Amateuraufnahmen <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.spektrum.de/alias/wunder-des-weltalls/messier-59-60-und-mehr/1561772">[1]</a></li>
<li>astronews.com: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.astronews.com/news/artikel/2012/09/1209-011.shtml">Blick auf ein ungleiches Galaxienpaar</a> 7. September 2012</li>
<li>astronews.com: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.astronews.com/bilddestages/2013/20130411.shtml">Bild des Tages</a> 11. April 2013</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Arp/Arp29.html">ARP ATLAS OF PECULIAR GALAXIES</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cseligman.com/text/arpatlas.htm#arp116">Seligman Arp</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-NED-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NED_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NED_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NED_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NED_1-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NED_1-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NGC+4649&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES">NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-SEDS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SEDS_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SEDS_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SEDS_2-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SEDS_2-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SEDS_2-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="SEDS" class="mw-redirect" title="SEDS">SEDS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spider.seds.org/ngc/revngcic.cgi?NGC%204649">NGC 4649</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-6?-out.form=%2bH&-source=41000047&-out.all&-corr=PFK=LGG&-out.max=9999&LGG=292">VizieR</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc46.htm#4649">Seligman</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Franco-Balderas, H. M. Hernández-Toledo, D. Dultzin-Hacyan, M. Rosado: <i>BVRI Surface Photometry of Mixed Morphology Pairs of Galaxies. III. The Third Data Set.</i> 2005, <a href="Bibcode" title="Bibcode">bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005RMxAA..41..483F">2005RMxAA..41..483F</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-deGrijs2006-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-deGrijs2006_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. de Grijs, A. R. I. Robertson: <i>Arp 116: interacting system or chance alignment?</i> 2006, <a href="Bibcode" title="Bibcode">bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006A&A...460..493D">2006A&A...460..493D</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">SEDS: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261891140">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
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</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120718/http://seds.org/MESSIER/more/m060_sn2004W.html"><i>Supernova 2004W in M60.</i></a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 18. Juli 2012 im Webarchiv <i><a href="Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></i>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ScienceTicker Astro: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astronomie.scienceticker.info/2008/07/16/mehr-masse-mehr-hitze/">Mehr Masse, mehr Hitze.</a></i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1419/"><i>Big surprises can come in small packages - Hubble helps astronomers find smallest known galaxy with supermassive black hole.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 30. April 2022</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMessier+60&rft.title=Big+surprises+can+come+in+small+packages+-+Hubble+helps+astronomers+find+smallest+known+galaxy+with+supermassive+black+hole&rft.description=Big+surprises+can+come+in+small+packages+-+Hubble+helps+astronomers+find+smallest+known+galaxy+with+supermassive+black+hole&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacetelescope.org%2Fnews%2Fheic1419%2F&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/2014/41/3427-Image"><i>Dwarf Galaxy M60-UCD1.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 30. April 2022</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMessier+60&rft.title=Dwarf+Galaxy+M60-UCD1&rft.description=Dwarf+Galaxy+M60-UCD1&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fhubblesite.org%2Fcontents%2Fmedia%2Fimages%2F2014%2F41%2F3427-Image&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harald Zaun: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welt.de/wissenschaft/weltraum/article132372201/Im-Zentrum-einer-Zwerggalaxie-pulsiert-ein-Monster.html">Im Zentrum einer Zwerggalaxie pulsiert ein Monster.</a></i> Welt, 18. September 2014.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anil Seth, Matthias Frank, Nadine Neumayer u. a.: <i>A supermassive black hole in an ultra-compact dwarf galaxy.</i> In: <i>Nature.</i> Band 513, 2014, S. 398–400, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v513/n7518/full/nature13762.html">Abstract.</a></span>
</li>
</ol>
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<div class="klappleiste mw-collapsible navileiste navigation-not-searchable center" role="navigation">
<div class="klappleiste-kopf"><a href="Messier-Katalog" title="Messier-Katalog">Messierobjekte</a></div>
<div class="klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content">
<table align="center" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0em; box-sizing:border-box; width:870px;">
<tbody><tr><td>Vorgänger im Katalog: <b><a href="Messier_59" title="Messier 59">M 59</a></b></td><td>Messier 60</td><td>Nachfolger im Katalog: <b><a href="Messier_61" title="Messier 61">M 61</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table>
<hr>
<p><i>Bildauswahl. Bitte das gewünschte Objekt anklicken</i>
</p>
<div style="width:880px; text-align:center; padding:0; margin:0;">
<div class="noresize thumb tright" style=";">
<div class="thumbinner" style="overflow:hidden;width:854px;">
<div class="thumbimage" style="overflow:hidden; position:relative; ;">
<div style=";left:0px; top:0px; width:850px; position:absolute; background-color:white;"> </div>
<div style="text-align:left; background-color:transparent; line-height:110%;">
<div style="position:absolute; left:723px; top:411px; line-height:110%;"><div style="; #202122; transform:translate(0%, 0% );"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div>
</div><div style="visibility:hidden"></div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div></div>
<div class="klappleiste mw-collapsible navileiste navigation-not-searchable center" role="navigation">
<div class="klappleiste-kopf">Im <a href="New_General_Catalogue" title="New General Catalogue">New General Catalogue</a> (NGC) benachbarte Objekte</div>
<div class="klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content">
<p><a href="Liste_der_NGC-Objekte" title="Liste der NGC-Objekte">Gesamtliste</a><br>
</p>
<hr>
<p><a href="NGC_4625" title="NGC 4625">NGC 4625</a> |
<a href="NGC_4626" title="NGC 4626">NGC 4626</a> |
<a href="NGC_4627" title="NGC 4627">NGC 4627</a> |
<a href="NGC_4628" title="NGC 4628">NGC 4628</a> |
<a href="NGC_4629" title="NGC 4629">NGC 4629</a> |
<a href="NGC_4630" title="NGC 4630">NGC 4630</a> |
<a href="NGC_4631" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 4631">NGC 4631</a> |
<a href="NGC_4632" title="NGC 4632">NGC 4632</a> |
<a href="NGC_4633" title="NGC 4633">NGC 4633</a> |
<a href="NGC_4634" title="NGC 4634">NGC 4634</a> |
<a href="NGC_4635" title="NGC 4635">NGC 4635</a> |
<a href="NGC_4636" title="NGC 4636">NGC 4636</a> |
<a href="NGC_4637" title="NGC 4637">NGC 4637</a> |
<a href="NGC_4638" title="NGC 4638">NGC 4638</a> |
<a href="NGC_4639" title="NGC 4639">NGC 4639</a> |
<a href="NGC_4640" title="NGC 4640">NGC 4640</a> |
<a href="NGC_4641" title="NGC 4641">NGC 4641</a> |
<a href="NGC_4642" title="NGC 4642">NGC 4642</a> |
<a href="NGC_4643" title="NGC 4643">NGC 4643</a> |
<a href="NGC_4644" title="NGC 4644">NGC 4644</a> |
<a href="NGC_4645" title="NGC 4645">NGC 4645</a> |
<a href="NGC_4646" title="NGC 4646">NGC 4646</a> |
<a href="NGC_4647" title="NGC 4647">NGC 4647</a> |
<a href="NGC_4648" title="NGC 4648">NGC 4648</a> |
<b>NGC 4649</b> |
<a href="NGC_4650" title="NGC 4650">NGC 4650</a> |
<a href="NGC_4651" title="NGC 4651">NGC 4651</a> |
<a href="NGC_4652" title="NGC 4652">NGC 4652</a> |
<a href="NGC_4653" title="NGC 4653">NGC 4653</a> |
<a href="NGC_4654" title="NGC 4654">NGC 4654</a> |
<a href="NGC_4655" title="NGC 4655">NGC 4655</a> |
<a href="NGC_4656" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 4656">NGC 4656</a> |
<a href="NGC_4657" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 4657">NGC 4657</a> |
<a href="NGC_4658" title="NGC 4658">NGC 4658</a> |
<a href="NGC_4659" title="NGC 4659">NGC 4659</a> |
<a href="NGC_4660" title="NGC 4660">NGC 4660</a> |
<a href="NGC_4661" title="NGC 4661">NGC 4661</a> |
<a href="NGC_4662" title="NGC 4662">NGC 4662</a> |
<a href="NGC_4663" title="NGC 4663">NGC 4663</a> |
<a href="NGC_4664" title="NGC 4664">NGC 4664</a> |
<a href="NGC_4665" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 4665">NGC 4665</a> |
<a href="NGC_4666" title="NGC 4666">NGC 4666</a> |
<a href="NGC_4667" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 4667">NGC 4667</a> |
<a href="NGC_4668" title="NGC 4668">NGC 4668</a> |
<a href="NGC_4669" title="NGC 4669">NGC 4669</a> |
<a href="NGC_4670" title="NGC 4670">NGC 4670</a> |
<a href="NGC_4671" title="NGC 4671">NGC 4671</a> |
<a href="NGC_4672" title="NGC 4672">NGC 4672</a> |
<a href="NGC_4673" title="NGC 4673">NGC 4673</a> |
<a href="NGC_4674" title="NGC 4674">NGC 4674</a>
</p>
</div></div>
<div class="klappleiste mw-collapsible navileiste navigation-not-searchable center" role="navigation">
<div class="klappleiste-kopf">Im <a href="Atlas_of_Peculiar_Galaxies" title="Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies">Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies</a> (Arp) benachbarte Objekte</div>
<div class="klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content">
<p><a href="Atlas_of_Peculiar_Galaxies" title="Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies">Gesamtliste</a><br>
</p>
<hr>
<p><a href="Arp_92" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 92">Arp 92</a> |
<a href="Arp_93" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 93">Arp 93</a> |
<a href="Arp_94" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 94">Arp 94</a> |
<a href="Arp_95" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 95">Arp 95</a> |
<a href="Arp_96" title="Arp 96">Arp 96</a> |
<a href="Arp_97" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 97">Arp 97</a> |
<a href="Arp_98" title="Arp 98">Arp 98</a> |
<a href="Arp_99" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 99">Arp 99</a> |
<a href="Arp_100" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 100">Arp 100</a> |
<a href="Arp_101" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 101">Arp 101</a> |
<a href="Arp_102" title="Arp 102">Arp 102</a> |
<a href="Arp_103" title="Arp 103">Arp 103</a> |
<a href="Arp_104" title="Arp 104">Arp 104</a> |
<a href="Arp_105" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 105">Arp 105</a> |
<a href="Arp_106" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 106">Arp 106</a> |
<a href="Arp_107" title="Arp 107">Arp 107</a> |
<a href="Arp_108" title="Arp 108">Arp 108</a> |
<a href="Arp_109" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 109">Arp 109</a> |
<a href="Arp_110" title="Arp 110">Arp 110</a> |
<a href="Arp_111" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 111">Arp 111</a> |
<a href="Arp_112" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 112">Arp 112</a> |
<a href="Arp_113" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 113">Arp 113</a> |
<a href="Arp_114" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 114">Arp 114</a> |
<a href="Arp_115" title="Arp 115">Arp 115</a> |
<b>Arp 116</b> |
<a href="Arp_117" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 117">Arp 117</a> |
<a href="Arp_118" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 118">Arp 118</a> |
<a href="Arp_119" title="Arp 119">Arp 119</a> |
<a href="Arp_120" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 120">Arp 120</a> |
<a href="Arp_121" title="Arp 121">Arp 121</a> |
<a href="Arp_122" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 122">Arp 122</a> |
<a href="Arp_123" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 123">Arp 123</a> |
<a href="Arp_124" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 124">Arp 124</a> |
<a href="Arp_125" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 125">Arp 125</a> |
<a href="Arp_126" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 126">Arp 126</a> |
<a href="Arp_127" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 127">Arp 127</a> |
<a href="Arp_128" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 128">Arp 128</a> |
<a href="Arp_129" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 129">Arp 129</a> |
<a href="Arp_130" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 130">Arp 130</a> |
<a href="Arp_131" title="Arp 131">Arp 131</a> |
<a href="Arp_132" title="Arp 132">Arp 132</a> |
<a href="Arp_133" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 133">Arp 133</a> |
<a href="Arp_134" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 134">Arp 134</a> |
<a href="Arp_135" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 135">Arp 135</a> |
<a href="Arp_136" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 136">Arp 136</a> |
<a href="Arp_137" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 137">Arp 137</a> |
<a href="Arp_138" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 138">Arp 138</a> |
<a href="Arp_139" title="Arp 139">Arp 139</a> |
<a href="Arp_140" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 140">Arp 140</a> |
<a href="Arp_141" class="mw-redirect" title="Arp 141">Arp 141</a>
</p>
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